In silico assessment of antiarrhythmic effects of drug ranolazine on electrical activity in human ventricular myocardium

The aim of this study was to simulate the electrophysiological modifications by the ranolazine at the left ventricular wall level by using in vitro electrophysiological measurements from canine ventricular myocytes to generate early information on cardiac safety in the human heart. The antiarrhythmic effect of ranolazine on two proarrhythmic drugs was examined. The sensitivity of ionic currents to ranolazine was described as Action Potential Duration (APD) variations in response to different therapeutic concentrations. The observed results can be explained by the interplay between inhibition of the INaL and IKr currents. Simulation results are in agreement with in vitro and in vivo studies of arrhythmia and confirmed the antiarrhythmic properties of ranolazine which may be utilized for suppressing ventricular arrhythmias

In silico assessment of nifedipine effects on human heart cells : pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analyses at the population level

This study aimed to utilise the value of integrating in vitro data and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to quantitatively estimate the impact on pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). The objective was to predict pharmacodynamics (electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters) of nifedipine (NIF) after an oral administration by simulation. The computational models were performed for human transmural ECGs to model drug-induced changes in QT interval as well as changes in T-wave morphology. The differences in QTc interval due to NIF in healthy volunteers both males and females were predicted by the Cardiac Safety Simulator, providing a mechanistic understanding of clinical observation. The simulation results showed that NIF significantly shortened the QTcF in a concentration-dependent manner compared with baseline (placebo) control. Comparison of the simulated QT interval of non-QT-prolonging drug (NIF) against the clinical observations proved the accuracy of the model based prediction

Simulating the Effect of Global Cardiac Ischaemia on the Dynamics of Ventricular Arrhythmias in the Human Heart

Cardiac arrhythmias are significant causes of death in the world, and ventricular fibrillation is a very dangerous type of cardiac arrhythmia. Global myocardial ischemia is a consequence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and has been shown to change the dynamic behaviour of activation waves on the heart. The aim of this thesis is to use computational models to study the behaviour of re-entry in the human ventricles when the heart becomes globally ischaemic. The effects of two ischaemic components (hyperkalaemia and hypoxia) on spiral wave re-entry behaviour in two dimensional (2D) ventricular tissue using two ventricular action potential (AP) models were simulated (Ten Tusscher et al. 2006 (TP06) and O’Hara et al. 2011 (ORd)). A three dimensional (3D) model of the human ventricles is used to examine the influence of each ischaemic component on the stability of ventricular fibrillation. Firstly, the main ventricular AP models relevant to this thesis are reviewed. Then, the current-voltage properties of four different IK(ATP) formulations are examined to assess which formulation was more appropriate to simulate hypoxia/ischaemia. Secondly, how the formulation of IK(ATP) influences cell excitability and AP duration (APD) in models of human ventricular myocytes is studied. Finally, mechanisms underlying ventricular arrhythmia generation under the conditions of ischaemia are investigated

A Rule Based Classification Model to Predict Colon Cancer Survival

Introduction: Colon cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and fourth most common cancer in both sexes in Iran, whose % 8.12 of all cancers in the covers. Predict the outcome of cancer and basic clinical data about it is very important. Data mining techniques can be used to predict cancer outcome. In our country, data mining studies on colon cancer, not covered as lung or breast cancers. It seems can be with identify factors influencing on survival and modify them, increased survival of colon cancer patients. Then according to high rates of colon cancer and the benefits of data mining to predict survival, in this study examined factors influencing on the survival of these patients. Materials and Methods: We use a dataset with four attributes that include the records of 570 patients in which 327 Patients (57.4%) and 243 (42.6%) patients were males and females respectively. Trees Random Forest (TRF), AdaBoost (AD), RBF Network (RBFN), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) machine learning techniques with 10-cross fold technique were used with the proposed model for the prediction of colon cancer survival. The performance of machine learning techniques were evaluated with accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and area under ROC curve. Results: Out of 570 patients, 338 patients and 232 patients were alive and dead respectively. In this Study, at first sight it seems that among this techniques, Trees Random Forest (TRF) technique showed better results in comparison to other techniques (AD, RBFN and MLP). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and the area under ROC curve of TRF are 0.76, 0.808, 0.70 and 0.83, respectively. Conclusions: In this study seems that Trees Random Forest model (TRF) which is a rule based classification model was the best model with the highest level of accuracy. Therefore, this model is recommended as a useful tool for colon cancer survival prediction as well as medical decision making

Comparison of patient’s prognostic based on Madras Head Injury Prognostic Scale and Glasgow Outcome Scale in head trauma patients admitted in emergency ward of 5th Azar educative and therapeutic center in Gorgan, 2011

زمینه و هدف: آسیب‌ های تروماتیک سر بزرگترین علت مرگ و ناتوانی در میان بیماران ترومایی است. تخمین پیش‌ آگهی بیمار بلافاصله پس از بروز ضربه سر، می ‌تواند اساس تصمیمات بالینی صحیح در آینده، صرفه‌ جویی در هزینه‌ ها، توان بخشی به موقع و افزایش رضایت بیماران باشد؛ بنابراین این مطالعه با هدف تعیین پیش ‌آگهی بیماران ضربه سر مراجعه ‌کننده به بخش فوریت مرکز آموزشی درمانی پنجم آذر گرگان با مقیاس پیش‌ گویی کننده مدراس انجام گردید. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- همبستگی 117 نفر از بیماران ضربه سر مراجعه‌ کننده به بخش فوریت مرکز آموزشی درمانی پنجم آذر گرگان با روش نمونه‌ گیری در دسترس انتخاب و بررسی شدند. جمع ‌آوری داده ‌ها با استفاده از برگه اطلاعات دموگرافیک، مقیاس پیش ‌گویی جراحات سر مدراس و مقیاس برآیند گلاسکو (GOS) انجام شد. داده‌ ها در محیط نرم ‌افزار آماری SPSS با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و آزمون ‌های آنالیز واریانس، کای مجذور، ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و تی مستقل تحلیل شد. یافته‌ ها: میانگین و انحراف معیار سن بیماران 54/1±51/32 بود. بر حسب مقیاس پیش‌ گویی ضربه سر مدراس، پیش‌ آگهی اغلب بیماران (7/54) خوب بود. بیماران با ضایعات داخل جمجمه و شکستگی ‌های جمجمه از پیش ‌آگهی ضعیف ‌تری برخوردار بودند و این تفاوت از نظر آماری معنی ‌دار بود (001/0P<). بین نمرات حاصل از مقیاس پیش‌ گویی ضربه سر مدراس در بدو پذیرش با نتایج نهایی ضربه سر بر اساس مقیاس برآیند گلاسکو، ارتباط مستقیم و معنی‌ دار آماری وجود داشت (001/0P<، 688/0r=). نتیجه ‌گیری: با توجه به یافته ‌های این مطالعه، مقیاس پیش ‌گویی ضربه سر مدراس، در مقایسه با سایر مقیاس‌ های مورد استفاده در این زمینه مقیاسی دقیق، سریع و در عین حال ساده‌ تر و کاربردی ‌تر است؛ لذا انجام پژوهش‌ های بیشتر با هدف کاربرد جهت تریاژ بیماران در اورژانس توصیه می ‌شود

An Overview of Research in the Field of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in Iran: a Systematic Review

Introduction: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has many different epidemiological, social and political aspects. The aim of this study was to determine the research priorities according to the necessary aspects of HPV in Iran. Methods: The national and international databases were searched to obtain the published articles regarding HPV in Iran. All Epidemiologic studies were included in this review to assess research priorities. Results: Of 148 studies involving 14,661 participants, the most studies were conducted in Tehran (44.75%) province. Measuring prevalence of HPV (n=63, 42.5%), diagnosis of HPV by molecular techniques (n=52, 35.1%), Knowledge, Attitude and Practice studies (KAP) (n=13, 8.7%), vaccine efficacy (n=8, 5.4%), cost and cost effectiveness analysis (n=4, 2.7%), co-infection of HPV and sexually transmitted diseases (n=5, 3.3%) were the frequent aims of the included studies. Sixty percent (n=57) of the studies were conducted in clinical patients including patients with cervical cancer (n=30, 52.6%), patients with prostate cancer/Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (n=6, 10.5%), and patients with Esophageal carcinoma (n=5, 8.7%).  Conclusion: According to our results, the high-risk groups such as female sex workers, injecting drug users and prisoners are in priority for research in the field of HPV. Despite ample epidemiologic studies on prevalence and association of HPV with specific cancers, evidence towards effectiveness and cost-benefits of HPV vaccination is required to prevent the infection and its complicated clinical consequences

The prevalence of current water pipe use among Iranian male population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Waterpipe as a traditional method of tobacco consumption is a public health challenge. Considering the growing trend of waterpipe (hookah) use in Iran, this systematic review aimed to measure the pooled prevalence of waterpipe current use among Iranian men. Materials and Methods: The present systematic review was conducted on the published cross-sectional studies during 2009-2019 aiming at estimating the prevalence of waterpipe current use among Iranian men. Current use of waterpipe was defined as using waterpipe within the preceding 30 days. Random Effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence by STATA v.14. Results: Ten cross-sectional epidemiologic studies with a total sample size of of 6,263 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of waterpipe current use among Iranian men was estimated at 25% (95% Confidence Interval: 30-20%).  Conclusions: There are a variety of definitions for current use of waterpipe across studies. The results of this study suggest a high prevalence of current use of waterpipe among Iranian men during 2009-2019. Increased use of waterpipe in communities should be considered as a public health concern and a matter of priority by health policymakers. Preventive programs should take into account the acceptability and appealing nature of waterpipe among Iranian population and consider them as important modifiable factors

Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018

Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman” is provided in this record*